Fiji Petrel, Fiji © Hadoram Shirihai, Tubenoses Project
Fiji Petrel, Fiji © Hadoram Shirihai, Tubenoses Project

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Introduction

Threatened and migratory marine species are the iconic often beloved or revered species that have provided generations of Pacific Islanders with inspiration and are embedded in culture, stories, and as totems. The Pacific Islands region supports over 33 species of whales and dolphins - 40% of the worlds known species of cetacea, six of seven marine turtles, many sharks and ray species, and 40 species of breeding seabirds with a further 60 recorded in the region. Terrestrial migratory species include shorebirds, and fruit bats which are also an important source of nutrition and provide important ecosystem services.

Migratory species are highly threatened. There are some major success stories such as the stopping of whaling in the southern oceans and global high seas, and the recovery of the southern ocean’s humpback whales. There are also many more species where populations are declining. The “State of the Environment and Conservation in the Pacific Islands” 2020 Regional Report states that population sizes are decreasing for half of the listed Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) in the Pacific, noting that trends are only known for 19% of all listed species. Listed species do not include fruit bats and bats generally are highly threatened in the Pacific region with 38 threatened bat species (18% of the world’s species).  Seabirds too are threatened with 11 of the 40 breeding species threatened with extinction, but knowledge of the location, distribution and populations of many remain unknown.

One of the regions most threatened and unique marine species is the Dugong, although not migratory it makes sense to include it among the iconic marine species of the region. It occurs in just five Pacific islands – those being Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia - although substantial populations also occur in Australia. The only relative of the dugong, the Steller’s sea-cow, was hunted to extinction in the eighteenth century. Dugong are also disappearing from their current range and could face similar consequences in the future due to loss of seagrass beds, interaction with power vessels and continued hunting and bycatch.


What does SPREP do?

SPREP seeks to provide advice and support to Pacific island countries relating to these species. Migratory species require a strategic environmental approach as they don’t respect national boundaries and migrate sometimes thousands of miles across our blue Pacific and beyond from breeding grounds to foraging grounds annually. If we want to enhance and protect these populations, we must protect them across their whole range from a variety of threats. To do this we must act collectively and collaboratively. SPREP has attempted to provide strategic guidance for the migratory marine species, including Dugong, in the Regional Marine Species Programme and Action Plans.

Visit SPREP's Virtual Library for resources and publications relating to Threatened and Migratory Species.


Dugong © Christina Shaw
Dugong © Christina Shaw

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Contact us

Karen Baird (Threatened and Migratory Species Advisor).