Integrated coastal zone management of coral reefs : decision support modeling.

Coral reef ecosystems are under increasing pressure, the threats being primarily from human activities. In some cases, natural disturbances further compound the effects of anthropogenic stress. The declining state of coral reef ecosystems has sparked concern by scientists, managers and government officials. The 1991 National Science Foundation, Environmental Protection Agency and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration sponsored workshop on coral bleaching, coral reef ecosystems