Survival analysis of two endemic lizard species before, during and after a rat eradication attempt on Desecheo Island, Puerto Rico

Rodent eradications are a key island restoration activity to counteract extinction and endangerment to native species. Despite the widespread use of brodifacoum as a rodenticide for island restoration, there has been little examination of its potential negative effects on native reptiles. Here we examined the survival of two endemic insular lizard populations before, during and after a brodifacoum-based rodent eradication using a mark-recapture study. We found no evidence of an effect from baiting in Anolis desechensis and evidence of a change in recapture rates after baiting for Ameiva desechensis. Eff ects of baiting on survival rates were not measurable due to a small sample size. Results suggest that brodifacoum did not result in population-level impacts during the three-week study period after brodifacoum exposure. For invasive species eradications using toxicants, potential risks to non-target species should be assessed against the expected benefits to native biota from the removal of threats posed by invasive mammals. We recommend continued studies that directly examine non-target risk to native reptile populations derived from toxicant baiting programs, particularly on tropical islands that are home for high numbers of endemic reptiles.